Coercing someone into unlawful activity: resisting threats and pressure

Using intimidation, blackmail or dependency to force someone into unlawful activity violates their freedom and safety. Such pressure may arise in family, employment or other relationships, as well as online. Threats such as “Do this or I will reveal your secret” or “I will harm your family” must be taken seriously.

Coercion may involve demands to steal, create forged documents, transport prohibited items or assist with transfers of criminal funds. Sometimes a small favour is requested first, followed by threats involving the person’s previous actions. Debt or dependence on employment or accommodation may also be used as leverage.

Article 41¹ of Uzbekistan’s Criminal Code addresses physical or psychological coercion and threats. Where such pressure leaves a person unable to control their actions or inaction, causing the harm covered by the provision does not constitute a crime. This requires assessment of the threats and the specific circumstances.

If the person retained control over their actions, liability is assessed with reference to the rules on necessity. Relevant factors include whether the danger was real, whether another way of preventing it existed and the harm caused. Neither saying “I was forced” nor apparent participation alone provides a complete legal assessment.

If you are threatened, prioritise your safety. Where possible, move to a safe place and contact the police. Meeting the coercing person alone, threatening exposure or carrying out instructions to collect evidence yourself may increase the danger.

Preserve existing messages, threats, demands and incident times when safe. If actions have already taken place, explain to a lawyer how the pressure began and what was demanded. Do not delay seeking help by carrying out further unlawful instructions. Do not accept the coercing person’s claim that you can no longer seek assistance.

Minors should tell a safe, trusted adult. If the pressure comes from someone close, choose another trustworthy adult. Listening without blame, ensuring safety and enabling access to legal assistance are important parts of addressing unlawful coercion.